General poisoning notes:Fiddleneck (Amsinckia intermedia) is an introduced plant found in parts of western Canada. Ingestion can cause severe diseases in horses, swine, and cattle. Hepatic cirrhosis results from ingesting the seeds of the plant. The symptoms are termed walking disease in horses and are known as hard liver disease in swine and cattle. These diseases were present mainly in California and the Pacific Northwest. With the advent of herbicides, the problems have mostly disappeared (Woolsey et al. 1952, Cheeke and Schull 1985). References: Cheeke, P. R., Shull, L. R. 1985. Natural toxicants in feeds and poisonous plants. AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Conn., USA. 492 pp. Kennedy, P. C. 1957. Symposium on poisoning-part 2. Case 16-Tarweed poisoning in swine. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 130: 305-306. McCulloch, E. C. 1940. Hepatic cirrhosis of horses, swine and cattle due to the ingestion of seeds of the tarweed, Amsinckia intermedia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 96: 5-18. Woolsey, J. H., Jasper, D. E., Cordy, D. R., Christensen, J. F. 1952. Two outbreaks of hepatic cirrhosis in swine in California, with evidence incriminating the tarweed, Amsinckia intermedia. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 47: 55-58. Nomenclature: Scientific Name: Amsinckia intermedia Fisch & Mey.
Vernacular name(s): fiddleneck Scientific family name: Boraginaceae Vernacular family name: borage Go to ITIS*ca for more taxonomic information on: Amsinckia intermedia References: Agriculture Quebec. 1975. Noms des maladies des plantes du Canada/ Names of plant diseases in Canada. , Quebec City, Que., Canada. 288 pp. Alex, J. F., Cayouette, R., Mulligan, G. A. 1980. Common and botanical names of weeds in Canada/Noms populaire et scientifiques des plantes nuisibles du Canada. Revised. Agric. Can. Publ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada. 132 pp. Bailey, L. H., Bailey, E. Z. 1976. Hortus third. Revised. MacMillan, New York, N.Y., USA. 1290 pp. Scoggan, H. J. 1978, 1979. The flora of Canada. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci. (Ottawa) Publ. Bot. 7(1)-7(4). 1711 pp. Van Wijk, H. L. 1911. A dictionary of plant names.
Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, The Netherlands. 1444 pp. Victorin, M. 1964. Flore Laurentienne. 2nd ed. Univ. Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada. 952 pp. Geographic Information Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Yukon Territory
References: Bailey, L. H., Bailey, E. Z. 1976. Hortus third. Revised. MacMillan, New York, N.Y., USA. 1290 pp. Boivin, B. 1966, 1967. Énumération des plantes du Canada. Provencheria 6. Nat. Can. (Que.) 93: 253-274; 371-437; 583-646; 989-1063. 94: 131-157; 471-528; 625-655. Image or illustration fiddleneck: Images:
images.google.com Toxic parts: seeds
References: McCulloch, E. C. 1940. Hepatic cirrhosis of horses, swine and cattle due to the ingestion of seeds of the tarweed, Amsinckia intermedia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 96: 5-18. Woolsey, J. H., Jasper, D. E., Cordy, D. R., Christensen, J. F. 1952. Two outbreaks of hepatic cirrhosis in swine in California, with evidence incriminating the tarweed, Amsinckia intermedia. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 47: 55-58. Notes on Toxic plant chemicals:The pyrrolizidine alkaloids of fiddleneck cause hepatic cirrhosis in cattle, swine, and horses, mainly a result of the presence of the seeds in grain and grain screenings fed to livestock. With modern herbicides, the problem has disappeared (Cheeke and Schull 1985). Toxic plant chemicals: echiumine
intermedine
lycopsamine
References: Cheeke, P. R., Shull, L. R. 1985. Natural toxicants in feeds and poisonous plants. AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Conn., USA. 492 pp. Animals/Human Poisoning:Note: When an animal is listed without additional information, the literature (as of 1993) contained no detailed explanation. Cattle General symptoms of poisoning:abdominal pains
death
icterus
liver, cirrhosis of
References: McCulloch, E. C. 1940. Hepatic cirrhosis of horses, swine and cattle due to the ingestion of seeds of the tarweed, Amsinckia intermedia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 96: 5-18.
Horses General symptoms of poisoning:death
hemoglobinuria
icterus
liver, cirrhosis of
References: McCulloch, E. C. 1940. Hepatic cirrhosis of horses, swine and cattle due to the ingestion of seeds of the tarweed, Amsinckia intermedia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 96: 5-18.
Swine General symptoms of poisoning:abdomen, distended
anemia
appetite, loss of
ascites
death
icterus
liver, cirrhosis of
prostration
weakness
weight gain, reduced
weight loss
References: Kennedy, P. C. 1957. Symposium on poisoning-part 2. Case 16-Tarweed poisoning in swine. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 130: 305-306. McCulloch, E. C. 1940. Hepatic cirrhosis of horses, swine and cattle due to the ingestion of seeds of the tarweed, Amsinckia intermedia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 96: 5-18. Woolsey, J. H., Jasper, D. E., Cordy, D. R., Christensen, J. F. 1952. Two outbreaks of hepatic cirrhosis in swine in California, with evidence incriminating the tarweed, Amsinckia intermedia. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 47: 55-58.
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